Traditional and Digital Preservation Practices in Academic Libraries: Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

This study presented a comprehensive review of traditional and digital preservation practices in academic libraries, with particular focus on African institutions and comparative insights from global developments. It critically examined methods, strategies, and frameworks employed to conserve both physical and digital library resources, highlighting the evolving challenges faced by libraries in resource-constrained environments. The review revealed that traditional preservation techniques such as binding, fumigation, lamination, and environmental monitoring remain fundamental for safeguarding print collections, yet they are insufficient to address the demands of modern hybrid collections that combine physical and digital materials. Digital preservation strategies, including format migration, replication, metadata management, and institutional repositories, are increasingly recognised as essential for long-term access to born-digital and digitised resources. However, widespread implementation is hindered by factors such as technological obsolescence, inadequate funding, weak policy frameworks, and limited technical expertise. The study identified key enablers for effective preservation, including the development of comprehensive policies, investment in infrastructure, capacity building for library personnel, and collaborative networks for knowledge and resource sharing. It further recommends the adoption of hybrid preservation models that integrate traditional and digital approaches, supported by interoperable technologies such as DSpace and LOCKSS, to ensure the sustainability, accessibility, and resilience of library collections. Overall, the review stresses that effective preservation in the digital era requires strategic institutional commitment, skilled personnel, and coordinated technological and policy interventions to safeguard scholarly and cultural heritage for future generations.